Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a widely used technology for genome editing; it is composed of a single-stranded guide RNA (gRNA) designed to complement the target DNA. The gRNA is followed by a constant motif termed “protospacer adjacent motif” (PAM), which is recognized by the Cas9 protein.CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases create double strand DNA cleavage that can facilitate DNA sequence modifications by one of the following DNA repair mechanisms: homology-directed repair (HDR) or nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)